French Social & Business Etiquette
SOCIAL SKILLS
Meeting etiquette
You great someone with a hand shake in France regardless of the gender of both the greeted and the greeter.
Kisses are used only between friends or people who know each other, also regardless of the gender of both the greeted and the greeter. For instance, men kiss other men in France if they have known each other for a long time.
The number of greeting kisses given varies depending on region. Check the picture below.
First names as well as the use of the word "tu" instead of "vous", are for friends and family only. Wait until invited before using someone’s first name. You are expected to say "bonjour" or "bonsoir" with the honorific title Monsieur or Madame when entering a shop and "au revoir" when leaving.
Gift giving
Flowers should be given in odd numbers but not 13, which is considered unlucky. Some older French retain old-style prohibitions against receiving certain flowers: white lilies or chrysanthemums, as they are used at funerals; red carnations, as they symbolise bad will. Prohibitions about flowers are not generally followed by the young. When in doubt, it is always best to remain conservative.
If you offer wine, make sure it is of the highest quality you can afford. The French know about their wines. Gifts are usually opened as soon as received, rather than put aside until later.
Dining etiquette
If you are invited to a French house for dinner, arrive on time. Under no circumstances should you arrive more than 5 minutes later than invited without telephoning to explain you have been detained.
If invited to a large dinner party, especially in Paris, send flowers the morning of the occasion so that they may be displayed that evening. Dress well. The French are fashion-conscious and their version of casual is not as relaxed as in many Western countries.
Table manners
Table manners are continental – the fork is held in the left hand and the knife in the right while eating. If there is a seating plan, you may be directed to a particular seat. Do not begin eating until the hostess says "bon appétit". If you have not finished eating, cross your knife and fork on your plate with the fork over the knife. Do not rest your elbows on the table, although your hands should be visible and not in your lap.
Finish everything on your plate. Do not cut salad with a knife and fork. Fold the lettuce on to your fork.
BUSINESS ETIQUETTE AND PROTOCOL
Relationships and communication
French business behaviour emphasises courtesy and a degree of formality. Mutual trust and respect is required to get things done. Trust is earned through proper behaviour. Creating a wide network of close personal business alliances is very important. If you do not speak French, an apology for not knowing their language may aid in developing a relationship. It is always a good idea to learn a few key phrases, since it demonstrates an interest in a long-term relationship.
The way a French person communicates is often predicated by their social status, education level, and which part of the country they were raised. In business, the French often appear extremely direct because they are not afraid of asking probing questions.
Written communication is formal. Secretaries often schedule meetings and may be used to relay information from your French business colleagues.
Business meetings etiquette
Appointments are necessary and should be made at least two weeks in advance. Appointments may be made in writing, by email, or by telephone and, depending upon the level of the person you are meeting, are often handled by the secretary. Do not try to schedule meetings during July or August, as many offices are empty and their occupants on the beach or by a pool.
If you expect to be delayed, telephone immediately and offer an explanation. Meetings are to discuss issues, not to make decisions. Avoid exaggerated claims, as the French do not appreciate hyperbole.
Business negotiation
French business emphasises courtesy and a fair degree of formality. Wait to be told where to sit. Maintain direct eye contact while speaking. Business is conducted slowly. You will have to be patient and not appear ruffled by the strict adherence to protocol. Avoid confrontational behaviour or high-pressure tactics; it can be counterproductive.The French will carefully analyse every detail of a proposal, regardless of how minute. Business is hierarchical. Decisions are generally made at the top of the company. The French are often impressed with good debating skills that demonstrate an intellectual grasp of the situation and all the ramifications.
Never attempt to be overly friendly. The French generally compartmentalise their business and personal lives. Discussions may be heated and intense. High-pressure sales tactics should be avoided. The French are more receptive to a low-key, logical presentation that explains the advantages of a proposal in full. When an agreement is reached, the French may insist it be formalised in an extremely comprehensive, precisely worded contract.
Dress etiquette
Business dress is understated and stylish. Men should wear dark-coloured, conservative business suits for the initial meeting. How you dress later is largely dependent upon the personality of the company with which you are conducting business.
Women should wear either business suits or elegant dresses in soft colours. The French like the finer things in life, so wear good quality accessories.
Business cards
Business cards are exchanged after the initial introductions without formal ritual. Have the other side of your business card translated into French. Although not a business necessity, it demonstrates an attention to detail that will be appreciated. Include any advanced academic degrees on your business card. French business cards are often a bit larger than in many other countries.
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